Kidney Stones

Passing a kidney stone is usually an extremely painful experience. In fact, it is said that the only pain that is worse is childbirth! Kidney stones can develop at any age in both men and women. They range in size from a pinhead to ones that measure 4 inches or more in length and fill an entire kidney. The most common type of kidney stone contains calcium.

When a kidney stone moves tries to move out of a kidney and travels down the ureter to the bladder, several things happen. The first is pain, which can range from mild (rare) to severe (more common). Pain typically is located in the middle or lower back area and may move to the side or lower abdomen.

The stone may cause a blockage to the flow of urine which results in kidney swelling that can lead to permanent kidney damage. There may be blood in your urine. Many patients experience nausea and vomiting. You could develop a urine infection which causes a fever. If the pain is too intense, or if nausea and vomiting prevent you from drinking liquids, then you may need to go to a local hospital emergency department.

How do you diagnose a kidney stone?

There are a variety of methods to diagnose a kidney stone. Basic testing includes a physical examination, an ultrasound to help locate a stone or area of blockage and a urine analysis to look for blood or an infection. A CT scan or other x-rays that maybe needed to help find a stone.

What can you do if you develop a kidney stone?

Drinking extra liquids to help to flush the stone out and using pain medication, are two of the most effective and time-tested methods available. If the pain is too intense, or if nausea and vomiting prevent you from drinking liquids, then you may need to go to a local hospital emergency department.

Most small stones will pass spontaneously. Larger stones, or ones with rough, jagged edges, may become lodged in the ureter. If that happens, it may be necessary to have surgery. This is usually done through a very thin telescope that is inserted under anesthesia. The telescope is passed up the ureter to locate the stone. Then, using a laser probe, the stone can be fragmented and removed. A small piece of plastic tubing may be left in the ureter to allow it to heal. It can be removed 1 to 2 weeks later. Some ureteral stones, and most kidney stones, can be fragmented with shock waves. The fragments will then pass out in the urine over the next several weeks.

Does diet/nutrition help prevent kidney stones?

Perhaps the most important part of stone treatment is to determine why a stone develops. While most stones are made of calcium, there are many other substances and reasons for stone formation. Dr. Maury A. Jayson, Medical Director of South Florida Urology Center, Inc, provides thorough, painless testing to determine why a stone develops so that he can recommend changes in you diet or medications to help you prevent making more stones in the future.

We recommend one basic step to help prevent the reoccurrence of kidney stones: drink more water! Try to drink 12 full glasses of water a day. It has been demonstrated that drinking adequate amounts of water helps to flush away the substances that form stones in the kidneys. Also, we recommend that you limit your coffee, tea, and cola to 1 or 2 cups a day because the caffeine may cause you to lose fluid too quickly. Further recommendations may include:

• Cutting back on certain foods. For example, if you have a uric acid stone we may recommend that you limit your meat because meat breaks down to make uric acid.
• If you form oxalate stones (calcium), we may recommend that you limit foods hight in oxalate; such as, spinach, beets, and chocolate.

This is another example of the comprehensive approach we take to ensure your urologic health – now and in the future! Contact us for more information.